Originally, it was called the “Jubilee Synagogue”, its construction coinciding with the fifty-year reign of Emperor François-Joseph. Its name changed after the independence of Czechoslovakia, to become the Jerusalem Synagogue, located in Jeruzalémská 7. The street owes its name to the Jerusalem Church, a former chapel of St. Henry, which is located nearby.

The works ending on September 1, 1906, it was inaugurated on September 16 before Rosh Hashanah. Built by Alois Richter, it was designed by Wilhlem Stiassny, a Viennese Jewish architect renowned for building synagogues.